RJ45

What is RJ45 ?

RJ45 is a type of connector commonly used for Ethernet networking. It looks similar to a telephone jack, but is slightly wider. Since Ethernet cables have an RJ45 connector on each end, Ethernet cables are sometimes also called RJ45 cables.
The "RJ" in RJ45 stands for "registered jack," since it is a standardized networking interface. The "45" simply refers to the number of the interface standard. Each RJ45 connector has eight pins, which means an RJ45 cable contains eight separate wires. If you look closely at the end of an Ethernet cable, you can actually see the eight wires, which are each a different color. Four of them are solid colors, while the other four are striped.
RJ45 cables can be wired in two different ways. One version is called T-568A and the other is T-568B. These wiring standards are listed below:

                    T-568A                                           T-568B

1. White/Green (Receive +)          White/Orange (Transmit +)
2.  Green (Receive -)                     Orange (Transmit -)
3. White/Orange (Transmit +)       White/Green (Receive +)
4. Blue                                           Blue
5. White/Blue                                White/Blue
6. Orange (Transmit -)                  Green (Receive -)
7. White/Brown                            White/Brown
8. Brown                                        Brown

Ethernet

what is Ethernet?

Ethernet, pronounced "E-thernet" (with a long "e"), is the standard way to connect computers on a network over a wired connection. It provides a simple interface and for connecting multiple devices, such computers, routers, and switches. With a single router and a few Ethernet cables, you can create a LAN, which allows all connected devices to communicate with each other.
A standard Ethernet cable is slightly thicker than a phone cable and has an RJ45 connector on each end. Ethernet ports look similar to telephone jacks, but are slightly wider. You can plug or unplug devices on an Ethernet network while they are powered on without harming them.
Like USB, Ethernet has multiple standards that all use the same interface. These include:
    10BASE-T - supports up to 10 Mbps
    100BASE-T - supports up to 100 Mbps
    1000BASE-T (also called "Gigabit Ethernet") - supports up to 1,000 Mbps
Most Ethernet devices are backwards compatible with lower-speed Ethernet cables and devices. However, the connection will only be as fast as the lowest common denominator. For example, if you connect a computer with a 10BASE-T NIC to a 100BASE-T network, the computer will only be able to send and receive data at 10 Mbps. If you have a Gigabit Ethernet router and connect devices to it using 100BASE-T cables, the maximum data transfer rate will be 100 Mbps.
While Ethernet is still the standard for wired networking, it has been replaced in many areas by wireless networks. Wi-Fi allows you to connect your laptop or smartphone to a network without being tethered to the wall by a cable. The 802.11ac Wi-Fi standard even provides faster maximum data transfer rates than Gigabit Ethernet. Still, wired connections are less prone to interference and are more secure than wireless ones, which is why many businesses and organizations still use Ethernet.

Network Definition

A network consists of multiple devices that communicate with one another. It can be as small as two computers or as large as billions of devices. While a traditional network is comprised of desktop computers, modern networks may include laptops, tablets, smartphones, televisions, gaming consoles, smart appliances, and other electronics.Many types of networks exist, but they fall under two primary categories: LANs and WANs.

LAN & WAN 

Local Area Network(LAN)

A local area network is limited to a specific area, such as a home, office,banking,school ,colleges or campus. A home network may have a single router that offers both wired and wireless connections. For example, a computer may connect to the router via Ethernet, while smartphones and tablets connect to the router via Wi-Fi. All devices connected to the router share the same network and often the same Internet connection.

A larger network, such as the network of an educational institution, may be comprised of many switches, hubs, and Ethernet cables. It may also include multiple wireless access points and wireless repeaters that provide wireless access to the network. While this type of network is much more complex than a home network, it is still considered a LAN since it is limited to a specific location.

Wide Area Network(WAN)

A wide area network is not limited to a single area, but spans multiple locations. WANs are often comprised of multiple LANs that are connected over the Internet. A company WAN, for example, may extend from the headquarters to other offices around the world. Access to WANs may be limited using authentication, firewalls, and other security measures. The Internet itself is the largest WAN since it encompasses all locations connected to the Internet. 

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